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<title>Lahore Resolution</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lahore Resolution</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed;">Lahore Resolution</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Muslim leaders from across British India at the <a href="All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a> Working Committee session in Lahore</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Presented</th><td class="infobox-data">22 March 1940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Ratification" title="Ratification">Ratified</a></th><td class="infobox-data">23 March 1940<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1940-03-23</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab, British India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signatories</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Establishment of a separate homeland for the minorities of (British) India.</td></tr></tbody></table>

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</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of a series on the</div></th>

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<th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="Independence_of_Bangladesh" title="Independence of Bangladesh">Independence of Bangladesh</a></th>

</tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee">

Events</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal</a></li>

<li><a href="Bengali_language_movement" title="Bengali language movement">Bengali language movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Six_Point_program" title="Six Point program">Six Point program</a></li>

<li><a href="Agartala_Conspiracy_Case" title="Agartala Conspiracy Case">Agartala Conspiracy Case</a></li>

<li><a href="Eleven_Points_Programme" title="Eleven Points Programme">Eleven Points Programme</a></li>

<li><a href="1969_East_Pakistan_mass_uprising" title="1969 East Pakistan mass uprising">East Pakistan mass uprising</a></li>

<li><a href="1970_Pakistani_general_election" title="1970 Pakistani general election">Pakistani general election</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-cooperation_movement_(1971)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1971)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li>

<li><a href="7_March_Speech_of_Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="7 March Speech of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">7 March Speech</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Searchlight" title="Operation Searchlight">Operation Searchlight</a></li>

<li><a href="Proclamation_of_Bangladeshi_Independence" title="Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence">Proclamation of Independence</a></li></ul></td>

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Organisations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="East_Pakistan_Renaissance_Society" title="East Pakistan Renaissance Society">East Pakistan Renaissance Society</a></li>

<li><a href="Awami_League_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Awami League (Pakistan)">Awami League</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Front_(East_Pakistan)" title="United Front (East Pakistan)">United Front</a></li>

<li><a href="Communist_Party_of_Bangladesh" title="Communist Party of Bangladesh">East Pakistan Communist Party</a></li>

<li><a href="Sarbadaliya_Chhatra_Sangram_Parishad" title="Sarbadaliya Chhatra Sangram Parishad">Sarbadaliya Chhatra Sangram Parishad</a></li>

<li><a href="Swadhin_Bangla_Biplobi_Parishad" title="Swadhin Bangla Biplobi Parishad">Swadhin Bangla Biplobi Parishad</a></li>

<li><a href="Swadhin_Bangla_Betar_Kendra" title="Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra">Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra</a></li></ul></td>

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Key persons</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Abul_Kalam_Shamsuddin" title="Abul Kalam Shamsuddin">Abul Kalam Shamsuddin</a></li>

<li><a href="Habibullah_Bahar_Chowdhury" title="Habibullah Bahar Chowdhury">Habibullah Bahar Chowdhury</a></li>

<li><a href="Mujibur_Rahman_Khan" title="Mujibur Rahman Khan">Mujibur Rahman Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Huseyn_Shaheed_Suhrawardy" title="Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy">Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy</a></li>

<li><a href="Serajul_Alam_Khan" title="Serajul Alam Khan">Serajul Alam Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a></li>

<li><a href="Abdul_Hamid_Khan_Bhashani" title="Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani">Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani</a></li>

<li><a href="Ataur_Rahman_Khan" title="Ataur Rahman Khan">Ataur Rahman Khan</a></li></ul></td>

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Related</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul>

<li><a href="United_Bengal" title="United Bengal">United Bengal</a></li>

<li><a href="Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></li>

<li><a href="International_recognition_of_Bangladesh" title="International recognition of Bangladesh">International recognition</a></li></ul></td>

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<span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ABangladesh" title="Portal:Bangladesh">Bangladesh portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

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<p>The <b>Lahore Resolution</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later called the <b>Pakistan Resolution</b> in <a href="Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, was a formal political statement adopted by the <a href="All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a> on the occasion of its three-day general session in <a href="Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab</a>, from 22 to 24 March 1940, calling for "independent states" for the Muslim minorities of British India. It was written and prepared by a nine-member subcommittee of the All-India Muslim League (which included <a href="Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a>, <a href="Liaquat_Ali_Khan" title="Liaquat Ali Khan">Liaquat Ali Khan</a>, <a href="Sir_Sikandar_Hayat_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan">Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan</a>, <a href="Khawaja_Nazimuddin" title="Khawaja Nazimuddin">Khawaja Nazimuddin</a>, <a href="Abdullah_Haroon" title="Abdullah Haroon">Abdullah Haroon</a>, and <a href="Nawab_Mohammad_Ismail_Khan" title="Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan">Nawab Ismail Khan</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was presented by <a href="A._K._Fazlul_Huq" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a>, the <a href="Prime_Minister_of_Bengal" title="Prime Minister of Bengal">Prime Minister of Bengal</a>.

</p><p>The resolution mainly called for independent sovereign states:

</p>

<blockquote><p>That geographically contiguous units are demarcated regions which should be constituted, with such territorial readjustments as may be necessary that the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in a majority as in the North Western and Eastern Zones of (British) India should be grouped to constitute 'independent states' in which the constituent units should be autonomous and sovereign.</p></blockquote><p>Although the name "<a href="Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>" had been proposed by <a href="Choudhary_Rahmat_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Choudhary Rahmat Ali">Choudhary Rahmat Ali</a> in his <a href="Pakistan_Declaration" title="Pakistan Declaration">Pakistan Declaration</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was not until after the resolution that it began to be widely used.

</p><p>Jinnah's address to the Lahore conference was, according to <a href="Stanley_Wolpert" title="Stanley Wolpert">Stanley Wolpert</a>, the moment when Jinnah, once a proponent of <a href="Hindu-Muslim_unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu-Muslim unity">Hindu-Muslim unity</a>, irrevocably committed to force the creation of an independent Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_context">Historical context</h2></div>

<p>Until the mid-1930s the Muslim leaders were trying to ensure maximum political safeguards for <a href="Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> within the framework of <a href="Indo-Pak_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pak Confederation">federation of India</a> in terms of seeking maximum <a href="Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a> for Muslim majority provinces. They got some safeguards through a system of <a href="Communal_Award" title="Communal Award">separate electorate on communal basis</a> in the <a href="Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Government of India Act 1935</a>. As a result of <a href="1937_Indian_provincial_elections" title="1937 Indian provincial elections">elections</a> held under this Act, <a href="History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress#Ascendance_to_power_(1937–1942)" title="History of the Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> formed government in six out of eight provinces. During Congress rule from 1937 to 39, its "High Command whose iron control over its own provinces clearly hinted at what lay ahead for the Muslim majority provinces once it came to dominate the centre. Much of the <a href="All_India_Muslim_League" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Muslim League">League</a>'s propaganda at this stage was directed against the Congress ministries and their alleged attacks on <a href="Muslim_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim culture">Muslim culture</a>; the heightened activity of <a href="Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a>, the hoisting of Congress <a href="Flag_of_India#History" title="Flag of India">tricolor</a>, the singing of <a href="Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram">Bande Mataram</a>, the Vidya Mandir scheme in the <a href="Central_Provinces" title="Central Provinces">Central Provinces</a> and the <a href="Nai_Talim#History" title="Nai Talim">Wardha scheme of education</a>, all were interpreted as proof of 'Congress atrocities'. So, the Congress was clearly incapable of representing Muslim interests, yet it was trying to annihilate every other party."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Therefore, by 1938–39, the idea of <a href="Two_Nation_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Nation Theory">separation</a> was strongly gaining ground. The Sindh Provincial Muslim League Conference held its first session in <a href="Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> in October 1938, adopted a resolution which recommended to the All-India Muslim League to devise a scheme of constitution under which Muslims may attain full independence. The <a href="Prime_Minister_of_Bengal" title="Prime Minister of Bengal">premier</a> of the Bengal province, <a href="AK_Fazlul_Haque" title="AK Fazlul Haque">A. K. Fazal-ul-Haque</a>, who was not in the All-India Muslim League, was quite convinced in favour of separation. The idea was more vividly expressed by <a href="Mohammed_Ali_Jinnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Ali Jinnah">M. A. Jinnah</a> in an article in the London weekly <i>Time & Tide</i> on 9 March 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jinnah wrote:

</p>

<blockquote><p>Democratic systems based on the concept of homogeneous nations such as England are very definitely not applicable to <a href="Composite_nationalism" title="Composite nationalism">heterogeneous countries</a> such as <a href="British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">India</a>, and this simple fact is the root cause of all of India's constitutional ills... If, therefore, it is accepted that there is in India a <a href="Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">major</a> and a <a href="Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">minor nation</a>, it follows that a <a href="Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> based on the <a href="Majority_rule" title="Majority rule">majority principle</a> must inevitably mean the rule of major nation. Experience has proved that whatever the economic and <a href="Political_manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="Political manifesto">political programme</a> of any political Party, the <a href="Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>, as a general rule, will vote for his <a href="Caste_politics" title="Caste politics">caste-fellow</a>, the Muslim for his <a href="Two-nation_theory_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-nation theory (Pakistan)">coreligionist</a>.</p></blockquote>

<p>About the <a href="1937_Indian_provincial_elections" title="1937 Indian provincial elections">Congress-led provincial governments</a>, he wrote:

</p>

<blockquote><p>An India-wide attack on the Muslims was launched. In the five Muslim provinces every attempt was made to defeat the Muslim-led-coalition Ministries. In the six Hindu provinces a "<a href="Kulturkampf" title="Kulturkampf">Kulturkampf</a>" was inaugurated. Attempts were made to have Bande Mataram, the Congress song, recognized as the <a href="National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a>, and the real national language, <a href="Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, supplanted by <a href="Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>. Everywhere oppression commenced and complaints poured in such force...that the Muslims, despairing of the <a href="Viceroy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">Viceroy</a> and Governors ever taking action to protect them, have already been forced to ask for a <a href="Royal_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Commission">Royal Commission</a> to investigate their grievances.</p></blockquote>

<p>Furthermore, he added:

</p>

<blockquote><p>Is it the desire (of <a href="British_people" title="British people">British people</a>) that India should become a <a href="Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">totalitarian</a> <a href="Hindu_Nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Nationalism">Hindu State</a>...? ...I feel certain that <a href="Islam_in_South_Asia#Colonial_rule_and_freedom_movement" title="Islam in South Asia">Muslim India</a> will never submit to such a position and will be forced to resist it with every means in their power.</p></blockquote>

<p>In his concluding remarks he wrote:

</p>

<blockquote><p>While Muslim League irrevocably opposed to any <a href="Federalism" title="Federalism">Federal</a> objective which must necessarily result in a <a href="Majoritarianism" title="Majoritarianism">majority community rule</a> under the guise of Democracy and <a href="Westminster_system#Characteristics" title="Westminster system">Parliamentary system of Government</a>... To conclude, a constitution must be evolved that recognises that there are in India <a href="Two_Nation_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Nation Theory">two nations</a> who both must share the <a href="Reserved_political_positions_in_India#Under_the_British_Rule" title="Reserved political positions in India">governance</a> of their <a href="Indian_reunification" title="Indian reunification">common motherland</a>.</p></blockquote>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lahore_Conference">Lahore Conference</h2></div>

<p>The session was held on 22–24 March 1940, at Iqbal Park, Lahore. The welcome address was made by Sir Shah Nawaz Khan of Mamdot, as the chairman of the local reception committee. The various draft texts for the final resolution/draft were deliberated over by the Special Working Committee of the All India Muslim League<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The resolution text, unanimously approved by the Subject Committee, accepted the concept of a united homeland for Muslims and recommended the creation of independent Muslim-majority states.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The resolution was moved in the general session by <a href="A._K._Fazlul_Huq" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a>, the chief minister of undivided Bengal, and was seconded by <a href="Chaudhry_Khaliquzzaman" title="Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman">Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman</a> from the United Provinces, <a href="Zafar_Ali_Khan" title="Zafar Ali Khan">Zafar Ali Khan</a> from Punjab, <a href="Sardar_Aurang_Zeb_Khan" title="Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan">Sardar Aurangzeb Khan</a> from North-West Frontier Province, Pir Ziauddin Andrabi from Kashmir, and Sir <a href="Abdullah_Haroon" title="Abdullah Haroon">Abdullah Haroon</a> from Sindh.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Qazi_Muhammad_Essa" class="mw-redirect" title="Qazi Muhammad Essa">Qazi Muhammad Essa</a> from Balochistan and other leaders announced their support.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_resolution">The resolution</h2></div>

<p>The resolution for the establishment of "independent states" for the Muslims of British India passed in the annual session of the All India Muslim League held in Lahore on 22–24 March 1940 is a landmark document of Pakistan's history.<sup id="cite_ref-dawn23Mar2013_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawn23Mar2013-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1946, it formed the basis for the decision of Muslim League to struggle for one state [ later named Pakistan] for the Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The statement declared:

</p>

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</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>No constitutional plan would be workable or acceptable to the Muslims unless geographical contiguous units are demarcated into regions which should be so constituted with such territorial readjustments as may be necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-ashop_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ashop-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>

<p>The Hindu press and leaders were quick to describe the resolution as the demand for the creation of Pakistan; some people began to call it the Pakistan Resolution soon after the Lahore session of the Muslim League. It is landmark document in history of Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-dawn23Mar2013_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawn23Mar2013-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

Additionally, it stated:

</p>

<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>That adequate, effective and mandatory safeguards shall be specifically provided in the constitution for minorities in the units and in the regions for the protection of their religious, cultural, economic, political, administrative and other rights of the minorities.</p></blockquote>

<p>Most importantly, to convince smaller provinces such as <a href="Sind_Province_(1936%E2%80%931955)" title="Sind Province (1936–1955)">Sindh</a> to join, it provided a guarantee:

</p>

<blockquote class="templatequote"><p>That geographically contiguous units are demarcated into regions which should be constituted, with such territorial readjustments as may be necessary that the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in a majority as in the North Western and Eastern Zones of (British) India should be grouped to constitute 'independent states' in which the constituent units should be autonomous and sovereign.</p></blockquote>

<p>The full text of the resolution document was as follows:

</p>

<p><b>"THE LAHORE RESOLUTION"</b>

</p><p>Resolved at the Lahore Session of All-India Muslim League held on 22nd-24th March, 1940.

</p><p>(1)   While approving and endorsing the action taken by the Council and the Working Committee of the All Indian Muslim League as indicated in their resolutions dated the 10th of August, 17th and 18th of September and 22nd of October, 1939, and 3rd February 1940 on the constitutional issues, this Session of the All-Indian Muslim League emphatically reiterates that the scheme of federation embodied in the Government of India Act 1935, is totally unsuited to, and unworkable in the peculiar conditions of this country and is altogether unacceptable to Muslim India.

</p><p>(2)   Resolved that it is the considered view of this Session of the All India Muslim League that no constitutional plan would be workable in this country or acceptable to Muslims unless it is designed on the following basic principle, namely that geographically contiguous units are demarcated into regions which should be so constituted, with such territorial readjustments as may be necessary, that the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in a majority as in the North-Western and Eastern Zones of India, should be grouped to constitute "Independent States" in which the constituent units shall be autonomous and sovereign.

</p><p>(3) That adequate, effective and mandatory safeguards should be specifically provided in the constitution for minorities in these units and in these regions for the protection of their religious, cultural, economic, political, administrative and other rights and interests in consultation with them; and in other parts of India where the Mussalmans are in a minority, adequate, effective and mandatory safeguards shall be specially provided in the constitution for them and other minorities for the protection of their religious, cultural, economic, political, administrative and other rights and interests in consultation with them.

</p><p>(4) This Session further authorizes the Working Committee to frame a scheme of constitution in accordance with these basic principles, providing for the assumption finally by the respective regions of all powers such as defense, external affairs, communications, customs and such other matters as may be necessary."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

</blockquote>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Number_of_"independent_states"">Number of "independent states"</h3></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="United_Bengal" title="United Bengal">United Bengal</a></div>

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<p>There remains a debate on whether the resolution envisaged two sovereign states in the eastern and western parts of British India. Abdul Hashim of the Bengal Muslim League interpreted the text as a demand for two separate countries.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1946, Prime Minister <a href="H._S._Suhrawardy" class="mw-redirect" title="H. S. Suhrawardy">H. S. Suhrawardy</a> of Bengal, a member of the All India Muslim League, mooted the <a href="United_Bengal" title="United Bengal">United Bengal</a> proposal with the support of Muslim and Hindu leaders, as well as the Governor of Bengal.

</p><p>Although there were and continue to be disagreements on the interpretation of the resolution, it was widely accepted that it called for a separate Muslim state. Opposing opinions focus on the phrase "independent states" claiming this means Muslim majority provinces, i.e. Punjab, Sindh, etc. would be independent of each other. They ignore the phrase "geographically contiguous units." They also rely on the claims of certain <a href="Bengali_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali nationalist">Bengali nationalists</a> who did not agree with one state. They accuse their opponents of diverting the "spirit" of the resolution.

</p><p>The majority of the Muslim League leadership contended that it was intended for not only the separation of India but into only 2 states (Muslim majority and Hindu majority). Therefore, it is indeed a statement calling for independence and one Muslim state. Eventually, the name "Pakistan" was used for the envisioned state.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dissent_by_nationalist_Muslims_in_colonial_India">Dissent by nationalist Muslims in colonial India</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Opposition_to_the_partition_of_India" title="Opposition to the partition of India">Opposition to the partition of India</a></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Muttahida_Qaumiyat_Aur_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam">Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam</a></div>

<p>The <a href="All_India_Azad_Muslim_Conference" title="All India Azad Muslim Conference">All India Azad Muslim Conference</a> gathered in Delhi in April 1940 to voice its support for an <a href="Opposition_to_the_partition_of_India" title="Opposition to the partition of India">independent and united India</a>, in response to the Lahore Resolution.<sup id="cite_ref-Grover1992_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grover1992-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-QasmiRobb2017_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QasmiRobb2017-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its members included several Islamic organisations in India, as well as 1400 nationalist Muslim delegates.<sup id="cite_ref-Haq1970_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haq1970-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ahmed2016_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahmed2016-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ali2017_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali2017-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pro-separatist All-India Muslim League worked to try to silence those nationalist Muslims who stood against the partition of India, often using "intimidation and coercion".<sup id="cite_ref-Ali2017_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali2017-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ahmed2016_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahmed2016-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The murder of the <a href="Chief_Minister_of_Sind" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister of Sind">Chief Minister of Sind</a> and All India Azad Muslim Conference leader <a href="Allah_Bakhsh_Soomro" class="mw-redirect" title="Allah Bakhsh Soomro">Allah Bakhsh Soomro</a> also made it easier for the All-India Muslim League to demand the creation of a Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Ali2017_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali2017-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div>

<p>The <a href="Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> assembly was the firstly British Indian legislature to pass the resolution in favour of Pakistan. <a href="G._M._Syed" title="G. M. Syed">G. M. Syed</a>, an influential Sindhi activist, revolutionary and <a href="Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> and later one of the important leaders in the forefront of the Sindh independence movement,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> joined the Muslim League in 1938 and presented the Pakistan resolution in the Sindh Assembly. A key motivating factor was the promise of "autonomy and sovereignty for constituent units".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>This text was buried under the Minar-e-Pakistan during its building in the Ayub regime.

In this session the political situation was analysed in detail and Muslim demanded a separate homeland only to maintain their identification and to safeguard their rights. Pakistan resolution was the landmark in the history of Muslim of South-Asia. It determined for the Muslims a true goal and their homeland in north-east and north-west.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h3></div>

<ul><li>To commemorate the event, <i><a href="Minar-e-Pakistan" title="Minar-e-Pakistan">Minar-e-Pakistan</a></i>, a monument 60 m tall in the shape of a <a href="Minaret" title="Minaret">minaret</a>, was built at the site in <a href="Iqbal_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Iqbal Park">Iqbal Park</a> where the resolution was passed.</li>

<li>23 March (<a href="Pakistan_Day" title="Pakistan Day">Pakistan Day</a>) is a <a href="List_of_holidays_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of holidays in Pakistan">national holiday</a> in Pakistan to commemorate both Lahore Resolution (1940) and the <a href="Republic_Day_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic Day (Pakistan)">Republic Day</a> (1956); the country became the first <a href="Islamic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Republic">Islamic Republic</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

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<ul><li><a href="History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History of Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Bangladesh" title="History of Bangladesh">History of Bangladesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistan_Resolution_in_Sindh_assembly" title="Pakistan Resolution in Sindh assembly">Pakistan Resolution in Sindh assembly</a></li>

<li><a href="Delhi_Resolution" title="Delhi Resolution">Delhi Resolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Six_Point_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Six Point Movement">Six Point Movement</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">قراردادِ لاہور</span></span>, <small><a href="Romanization_of_Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Urdu">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Urdu-language romanization"><i lang="ur-Latn">Qarārdād-è-Lāhōr</i></span></li><li><a href="Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">লাহোর প্রস্তাব</span>, <small><a href="Romanization_of_Bengali" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Bengali">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Bengali-language romanization"><i lang="bn-Latn">Lāhōr Prôstāb</i></span></li></ul></div></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFSherwani1990" class="citation book cs1">Sherwani, Latif Ahmed (1990). <i>Pakistan Resolution Revisited</i>. National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research. p. 45.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKhan" class="citation book cs1">Khan, Zafarullah. <i>The Agony of Pakistan</i>. Kent Publications. p. 15.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFZaidi" class="citation news cs1">Zaidi, Hassan Jafar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1345602">"Pakistan Resolution"</a>. <i>Dawn</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Choudhary Rahmat Ali, (1933), <i><a href="Now_or_Never%3B_Are_We_to_Live_or_Perish_Forever%3F" class="mw-redirect" title="Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?">Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?</a></i>, pamphlet, published 28 January. (Rehmat Ali at the time was an undergraduate at the <a href="University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>)</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStanley_Wolpert1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Stanley_Wolpert" title="Stanley Wolpert">Stanley Wolpert</a> (1984). <i>Jinnah of Pakistan</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 182. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-19-503412-7</bdi>. <q>Jinnah's Lahore address lowered the final curtain on any prospects for a single united independent India ... once his mind was made up he never reverted to any earlier position ... The ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity had totally transformed himself into Pakistan's great leader. All that remained was for his party first, then his inchoate nation, and then his British allies to agree to the formula he had resolved upon.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJalal1985" class="citation book cs1">Jalal, Ayesha (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D63KMRN1SJ8C&pg=PA43"><i>The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 43. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511558856">10.1017/CBO9780511558856</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780511558856</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJinnah1940" class="citation magazine cs1">Jinnah, Mohammed Ali (9 March 1940). "The Constitutional Future of India: Two Nations in India". <i>Time & Tide</i>. Vol. 21, no. 10. pp. <span class="nowrap">238–</span>240.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The following is the full list of the 25 original, formally designated members of the Special Working Committee of the All India Muslim League, 1940, which met between 21 and 24 March 1940; see <i>Programme of the All India Muslim League's 27th Annual session, to be held in from Lahore 22 to 24 March 1940</i>, at the National Archives of Pakistan, Islamabad, the Quaid i Azam Papers, File 1354, and which largely drafted the Lahore Resolution. Also ref Attique Zafar Sheikh, <i>The Pakistan Resolution and the Working Committee of the All India Muslim League, 1940</i> Islamabad: National Archives of Pakistan, 1998, p. 92, citing the following list of the members:

<ul><li><a href="Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a> (Chair)</li>

<li><a href="Nawabzada_Liaquat_Ali_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan">Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan</a> (Secretary)</li>

<li><a href="Sir_Sikandar_Hayat_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan">Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan</a> (Premier of the Punjab)</li>

<li>Sir <a href="Shahnawaz_Khan_Mamdot" title="Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot">Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot</a> (local host)</li>

<li><a href="Mohammad_Amir_Ahmed_Khan" title="Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan">Raja Sahib of Mahmudabad</a></li>

<li>Maulvi <a href="A.K._Fazlul_Huq" class="mw-redirect" title="A.K. Fazlul Huq">A.K. Fazlul Huq</a></li>

<li>Sir <a href="Abdullah_Haroon" title="Abdullah Haroon">Abdullah Haroon</a></li>

<li>Al-Hajj Sir <a href="Khawaja_Nazimuddin" title="Khawaja Nazimuddin">Khawaja Nazimuddin</a></li>

<li><a href="Mohammad_Ali_Jouhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Ali Jouhar">Amjadi Bano</a> Begum</li>

<li>Maulana <a href="Mohammad_Akram_Khan" title="Mohammad Akram Khan">Mohammad Akram Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Chaudhry_Khaliquzzaman" title="Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman">Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman</a></li>

<li><a href="Nawab_Mohammad_Ismail_Khan" title="Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan">Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan</a></li>

<li>Sir <a href="Currimbhoy_Ebrahim" title="Currimbhoy Ebrahim">Currimbhoy Ebrahim</a></li>

<li>Ali Muhammad Khan Dehlvi</li>

<li><a href="Qazi_Muhammad_Essa" class="mw-redirect" title="Qazi Muhammad Essa">Qazi Muhammad Essa</a></li>

<li><a href="Sardar_Aurang_Zeb_Khan" title="Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan">Sardar Aurangzeb Khan</a></li>

<li>Abdul Mateen Chauhdry</li>

<li>Ashiq Mohamed Warsi</li>

<li>Haji Abdus Sattar Essak Saith</li>

<li>S. M. Sharif</li>

<li>Syed Abdul Rauf Shah</li>

<li>Mohammad Latif ur Rahman</li>

<li><a href="Abdur_Rahman_Siddiqui" title="Abdur Rahman Siddiqui">Abdur Rahman Siddiqui</a></li>

<li><a href="Malik_Barkat_Ali" title="Malik Barkat Ali">Malik Barkat Ali</a></li>

<li>Sadullah Khan Umarzaib</li></ul>

</span></li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed1983" class="citation book cs1">Ahmed, Syed Iftikhar (1983). <i>Essays on Pakistan</i>. Lahore: Alpha Bravo Publishers. pp. <span class="nowrap">29–</span>30. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12811079">12811079</a>. <q>the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in a majority, as in the North-Western and Eastern zones of India, should be grouped to constitute independent States</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Aslam_Malik2001" class="citation book cs1">Muhammad Aslam Malik (2001). <i>The Making of the Pakistan Resolution</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 151. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-19-579538-5</bdi>. <q>In the open session, on 24 March, the resolution was moved ... by Fazlul Haq, and was seconded by Khaliquzzaman (UP), Zafar Ali Khan (Punjab), Aurangzeb (NWFP), and Haroon (Sindh).</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-dawn23Mar2013-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dawn23Mar2013_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dawn23Mar2013_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/797410">"An interpretation of the Lahore Resolution"</a>. <i>Dawn</i>. 23 March 2013.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="I_H_Qureshi" class="mw-redirect" title="I H Qureshi">I H Qureshi</a>, (1965), <i>Struggle for Pakistan</i>, Karachi</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ashop-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ashop_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I H Qureshi, (1992), <i><a href="A_Short_History_of_Pakistan" title="A Short History of Pakistan">A Short History of Pakistan</a></i>. <a href="University_of_Karachi" title="University of Karachi">University of Karachi</a>, Reprint of 1967 edition. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>969-404-008-6</bdi></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pmln.us/23-march-pakistan-resolution-day/">"23 March Pakistan Resolution Day"</a>. <i>Pakistan Muslim leagues (N) USA Official Website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pbase.com/bmcmorrow/image/140584822">"Text of the 1940 Lahore Resolution of the All-India Muslim League by Brian McMorrow"</a>. <i>PBase</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Lahore_Resolution">"Lahore Resolution"</a>. <i>banglapedia.org</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Grover1992-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grover1992_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGrover1992" class="citation book cs1">Grover, Verinder (1992). <i>Political Thinkers of Modern India: Abul Kalam Azad</i>. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 503. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9788171004324</bdi>. <q>Within five weeks of the passage of the Pak resolution, an assembly of nationalist Muslims under the name of the Azad Muslim Conference was convened in Delhi. The Conference met under the presidentship of Khan Bahadur Allah Bakhsh, the then Chief Minister of Sind.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-QasmiRobb2017-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-QasmiRobb2017_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFQasmiRobb2017" class="citation book cs1">Qasmi, Ali Usman; Robb, Megan Eaton (2017). <i>Muslims against the Muslim League: Critiques of the Idea of Pakistan</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781108621236</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Haq1970-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haq1970_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHaq1970" class="citation book cs1">Haq, Mushir U. (1970). <i>Muslim politics in modern India, 1857-1947</i>. Meenakshi Prakashan. p. 114. <q>This was also reflected in one of the resolutions of the Azad Muslim Conference, an organization which attempted to be representative of all the various nationalist Muslim parties and groups in India.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Ahmed2016-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ahmed2016_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ahmed2016_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2016" class="citation web cs1">Ahmed, Ishtiaq (27 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/the-dissenters/">"The dissenters"</a>. <a href="The_Friday_Times" title="The Friday Times">The Friday Times</a>. <q>However, the book is a tribute to the role of one Muslim leader who steadfastly opposed the Partition of India: the Sindhi leader Allah Bakhsh Soomro. Allah Bakhsh belonged to a landed family. He founded the Sindh People's Party in 1934, which later came to be known as 'Ittehad' or 'Unity Party'. ... Allah Bakhsh was totally opposed to the Muslim League's demand for the creation of Pakistan through a division of India on a religious basis. Consequently, he established the Azad Muslim Conference. In its Delhi session held during April 27–30, 1940 some 1400 delegates took part. They belonged mainly to the lower castes and working class. The famous scholar of Indian Islam, Wilfred Cantwell Smith, feels that the delegates represented a 'majority of India's Muslims'. Among those who attended the conference were representatives of many Islamic theologians and women also took part in the deliberations ... Shamsul Islam argues that the All-India Muslim League at times used intimidation and coercion to silence any opposition among Muslims to its demand for Partition. He calls such tactics of the Muslim League as a 'Reign of Terror'. He gives examples from all over India including the NWFP where the Khudai Khidmatgars remain opposed to the Partition of India.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Ali2017-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ali2017_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali2017_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ali2017_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAli2017" class="citation web cs1">Ali, Afsar (17 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.milligazette.com/news/15756-partition-of-india-and-patriotism-of-indian-muslims">"Partition of India and Patriotism of Indian Muslims"</a>. <a href="The_Milli_Gazette" title="The Milli Gazette">The Milli Gazette</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. M. Syed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gmsyed.org/hiswork/chains.html">A Nation in Chains</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. M. Syed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gmsyed.org/case/saeen-book1-part2.htm">The Case of Sindh (Chapter 2)</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMirkin1966" class="citation book cs1">Mirkin, Stanford M. (1966) [First published in 1957 under title: When did it happen?]. <i>What Happened When: A Noted Researcher's Almanac of Yesterdays</i>. New York: I. Washburn. p. 87. <a href="LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/66-10676">66-10676</a>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/390802">390802</a>. <q>1956 Pakistan becomes the first Islamic Republic</q></cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<p><span typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Pakistan" class="extiw external" title="commons:Atlas of Pakistan">Wikimedia Atlas of Pakistan</a>

</p>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060127232758/http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/Quaid/leader5.htm">The Pakistan Resolution</a>, <a href="Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Government of Pakistan</a> Official website. (Retrieved in April 2006)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060427082236/http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A043&Pg=1">Lahore Resolution (1940)</a> at Story of Pakistan website. (Retrieved in April 2006)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Lahore_Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a> at Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.(Retrieved in April 2006)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lubpak.net/archives/43698">Analyzing the text: The Lahore (Pakistan) Resolution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211202214700/https://lubpak.net/archives/43698">Archived</a> 2 December 2021 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>(Contains original document)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hangingodes.wordpress.com/2007/03/24/23-march-1940-Lahore-resolution/">Pakistan Resolution or Muslim League's Search For Survival</a></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pakistan_Movement385" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Pakistan_Movement385" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">Pakistan Movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History of Pakistan</a> (<a href="Timeline_of_Pakistani_history" title="Timeline of Pakistani history">timeline: 1947–present)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li>

<li><a href="Deobandi_movement" title="Deobandi movement">Deobandi movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Barelvi_movement" title="Barelvi movement">Barelvi movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Aligarh_Movement" title="Aligarh Movement">Aligarh Movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Urdu_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu movement">Urdu movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal</a></li>

<li><a href="Lucknow_Pact" title="Lucknow Pact">Lucknow Pact</a></li>

<li><a href="Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">Khilafat Movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Shuddhi_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuddhi movement">Shuddhi movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Nehru_Report" title="Nehru Report">Nehru Report</a></li>

<li><a href="Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Fourteen Points of Jinnah</a></li>

<li><a href="Allahabad_Address" title="Allahabad Address">Allahabad Address</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistan_Declaration" title="Pakistan Declaration">Now or Never pamphlet</a></li>

<li><a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li>

<li><a href="Two-nation_theory" title="Two-nation theory">Two-nation theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Round_Table_Conferences_(India)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Round Table Conferences</a></li>

<li><a href="Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li>

<li><a href="Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">Muslim nationalism in South Asia</a></li>

<li><a href="1946_Cabinet_Mission_to_India" title="1946 Cabinet Mission to India">Cabinet Mission</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian Independence Act</a></li>

<li><a href="Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a>

<ul><li><a href="Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal</a></li>

<li><a href="Partition_of_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Partition of Punjab">Partition of Punjab</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Radcliffe_Line" title="Radcliffe Line">Radcliffe Line</a></li>

<li><a href="Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a></li>

<li><a href="Objectives_Resolution" title="Objectives Resolution">Objectives Resolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Independence_Day_(Pakistan)" title="Independence Day (Pakistan)">Independence</a></li>

<li><a href="Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Monarchy of Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistan_Day" title="Pakistan Day">Pakistan Day</a></li>

<li><a href="Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li>

<li><a href="National_symbols_of_Pakistan" title="National symbols of Pakistan">National symbols</a></li>

<li><a href="Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="British_influence_in_Pakistan" title="British influence in Pakistan">British influence</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Protestant Islam</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><br><br></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a>

<ul><li><a href="Punjab_Muslim_League" title="Punjab Muslim League">Punjab Branch</a></li>

<li><a href="Bengal_Provincial_Muslim_League" title="Bengal Provincial Muslim League">Bengal Branch</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Unionist_Party_(Punjab)" title="Unionist Party (Punjab)">Unionist</a></li>

<li><a href="All_India_Muslim_Students_Federation" title="All India Muslim Students Federation">Student Federations</a></li>

<li><a href="Khaksar_movement" title="Khaksar movement">Khaksar movement</a></li>

<li><a href="East_Pakistan_Renaissance_Society" title="East Pakistan Renaissance Society">Renaissance Society</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistani_philosophy" title="Pakistani philosophy">Philosophical Congress</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_newspapers_in_Pakistan" title="List of newspapers in Pakistan">Print media</a></li>

<li><a href="Daily_Jang" title="Daily Jang">Daily <i>Jang</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Zamindar_(newspaper)" title="Zamindar (newspaper)"><i>Contractor</i> </a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Sir <a href="Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan">Syed Ahmad Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Khwaja_Salimullah" title="Khwaja Salimullah">Khwaja Salimullah</a> (Nawab Salimullah)</li>

<li><a href="Syed_Ameer_Ali" title="Syed Ameer Ali">Syed Ameer Ali</a></li>

<li><a href="Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar" title="Mohammad Ali Jauhar">Mohammad Ali Jauhar</a></li>

<li><a href="Shaukat_Ali_(politician)" title="Shaukat Ali (politician)">Maulana Shaukat Ali</a></li>

<li><a href="Hakim_Ajmal_Khan" title="Hakim Ajmal Khan">Hakim Ajmal Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li>

<li><a href="Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a></li>

<li><a href="Fatima_Jinnah" title="Fatima Jinnah">Fatima Jinnah</a></li>

<li><a href="Liaquat_Ali_Khan" title="Liaquat Ali Khan">Liaquat Ali Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Sadeq_Mohammad_Khan_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadeq Mohammad Khan V">Sadeq Mohammad Khan V</a></li>

<li><a href="Mian_Muhammad_Shafi" title="Mian Muhammad Shafi">Mian Muhammad Shafi</a></li>

<li><a href="Mian_Abdul_Rashid" title="Mian Abdul Rashid">Mian Abdul Rashid</a></li>

<li><a href="Waqar-ul-Mulk" title="Waqar-ul-Mulk">Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk Kamboh</a></li>

<li><a href="Mohsin-ul-Mulk" title="Mohsin-ul-Mulk">Mohsin-ul-Mulk</a></li>

<li><a href="Bahadur_Yar_Jung" title="Bahadur Yar Jung">Bahadur Yar Jung</a></li>

<li><a href="Abdul_Haq_(Urdu_scholar)" title="Abdul Haq (Urdu scholar)">Baba-e-Urdu Maulvi Abdul Haq</a></li>

<li><a href="Abdul_Qayyum_Khan" title="Abdul Qayyum Khan">Abdul Qayyum Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Abdur_Rab_Nishtar" title="Abdur Rab Nishtar">Abdur Rab Nishtar</a></li>

<li><a href="Chaudhry_Khaliquzzaman" title="Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman">Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman</a></li>

<li><a href="Choudhry_Rahmat_Ali" title="Choudhry Rahmat Ali">Choudhry Rahmat Ali</a></li>

<li><a href="A._K._Fazlul_Huq" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a></li>

<li><a href="Jamaat_Ali_Shah" title="Jamaat Ali Shah">Jamaat Ali Shah</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghazanfar_Ali_Khan" title="Ghazanfar Ali Khan">Ghazanfar Ali Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Mir_Jaffar_Khan_Jamali" class="mw-redirect" title="Mir Jaffar Khan Jamali">Mir Jaffar Khan Jamali</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghulam_Bhik_Nairang" title="Ghulam Bhik Nairang">Ghulam Bhik Nairang</a></li>

<li><a href="Hasrat_Mohani" title="Hasrat Mohani">Hasrat Mohani</a></li>

<li><a href="Nawab_Mohammad_Ismail_Khan" title="Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan">Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Huseyn_Shaheed_Suhrawardy" title="Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy">Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy</a></li>

<li><a href="Jogendra_Nath_Mandal" title="Jogendra Nath Mandal">Jogendra Nath Mandal</a></li>

<li><a href="Khurshid_Hasan_Khurshid" title="Khurshid Hasan Khurshid">K. H. Khurshid</a></li>

<li><a href="Khawaja_Nazimuddin" title="Khawaja Nazimuddin">Khawaja Nazimuddin</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahmud_Husain" title="Mahmud Husain">Mahmud Husain</a></li>

<li><a href="Mohammad_Amir_Ahmed_Khan" title="Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan">Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan</a> (Raja Saheb of Mahmudabad)</li>

<li><a href="Muhammad_Zafarullah_Khan" title="Muhammad Zafarullah Khan">Muhammad Zafarullah Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Qazi_Muhammad_Isa" title="Qazi Muhammad Isa">Qazi Muhammad Isa</a></li>

<li><a href="Ra'ana_Liaquat_Ali_Khan" title="Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan">Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a></li>

<li><a href="Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a></li>

<li><a href="Zafar_Ali_Khan" title="Zafar Ali Khan">Zafar Ali Khan</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hamid_Nizami" title="Hamid Nizami">Hamid Nizami</a></li>

<li><a href="Abdullah_Haroon" title="Abdullah Haroon">Abdullah Haroon</a></li>

<li><a href="Yusuf_Haroon" title="Yusuf Haroon">Yusuf Haroon</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahmoud_Haroon" title="Mahmoud Haroon">Mahmoud Haroon</a></li>

<li><a href="Altaf_Husain" title="Altaf Husain">Altaf Husain</a></li>

<li><a href="Adamjee_Haji_Dawood" title="Adamjee Haji Dawood">Adamjee Haji Dawood</a></li>

<li><a href="Muhammad_Shafi" title="Muhammad Shafi">Muhammad Shafi</a></li>

<li><a href="Zafar_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Zafar Ahmad Usmani">Zafar Ahmad Usmani</a></li>

<li><a href="Abul_Hassan_Ispahani" title="Abul Hassan Ispahani">Abul Hassan Ispahani</a></li>

<li><a href="Ahmed_Ali_Lahori" title="Ahmed Ali Lahori">Ahmed Ali Lahori</a></li>

<li><a href="Malik_Barkat_Ali" title="Malik Barkat Ali">Malik Barkat Ali</a></li>

<li><a href="Aslam_Khattak" title="Aslam Khattak">Aslam Khattak</a></li>

<li><a href="Yusuf_Khattak" title="Yusuf Khattak">Yusuf Khattak</a></li>

<li><a href="Mian_Iftikharuddin" title="Mian Iftikharuddin">Mian Iftikharuddin</a></li>

<li><a href="M.A._Zuberi" title="M.A. Zuberi">M.A. Zuberi</a></li>

<li><a href="Shahnawaz_Khan_Mamdot" title="Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot">Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot</a></li>

<li><a href="Iftikhar_Hussain_Khan_Mamdot" title="Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot">Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot</a></li>

<li><a href="Sikandar_Hayat_Khan" title="Sikandar Hayat Khan">Sikandar Hayat Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Shaukat_Hayat_Khan" title="Shaukat Hayat Khan">Shaukat Hayat Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Muhammad_Asad" title="Muhammad Asad">Muhammad Asad</a></li>

<li><a href="Ziauddin_Ahmad" title="Ziauddin Ahmad">Ziauddin Ahmad</a></li>

<li><a href="Abu_Bakr_Ahmad_Haleem" title="Abu Bakr Ahmad Haleem">Abu Bakr Ahmad Haleem</a></li>

<li>Maulana <a href="Ghulam_Rasool_Mehr" title="Ghulam Rasool Mehr">Ghulam Rasool Mehr</a></li>

<li><a href="Hakeem_Muhammad_Saeed" title="Hakeem Muhammad Saeed">Hakeem Muhammad Saeed</a></li>

<li><a href="Chaudhry_Ghulam_Abbas" title="Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas">Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas</a></li>

<li><a href="Muhammad_Abdul_Qayyum_Khan" title="Muhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan">Muhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Sardar_Ibrahim_Khan" title="Sardar Ibrahim Khan">Sardar Ibrahim Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Fida_Mohammad_Khan" title="Fida Mohammad Khan">Fida Mohammad Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Abdul_Qadir_(Muslim_leader)" title="Abdul Qadir (Muslim leader)">Sheikh Sir Abdul Qadir</a></li>

<li><a href="M._M._Sharif" title="M. M. Sharif">M. M. Sharif</a></li>

<li><a href="Sahibzada_Abdul_Qayyum" title="Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum">Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum</a></li>

<li><a href="Jalaludin_Abdur_Rahim" title="Jalaludin Abdur Rahim">Jalaludin Abdur Rahim</a></li>

<li><a href="Z._A._Suleri" title="Z. A. Suleri">Z. A. Suleri</a></li>

<li><a href="G._Allana" title="G. Allana">G. Allana</a></li>

<li><a href="Ishtiaq_Hussain_Qureshi" title="Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi">Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi</a></li>

<li><a href="Jalal_Baba" title="Jalal Baba">Jalal Baba</a> of NWFP</li>

<li><a href="Mohammad_Abdul_Ghafoor_Hazarvi" title="Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi">Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi</a></li>

<li><a href="Karam_Shah_al-Azhari" title="Karam Shah al-Azhari">Karam Shah al-Azhari</a></li>

<li><a href="Amin_ul-Hasanat" title="Amin ul-Hasanat">Amin ul-Hasanat</a> (Pir of Manki Sharif)</li>

<li><a href="Syed_Wajid_Ali" title="Syed Wajid Ali">Syed Wajid Ali</a></li>

<li><a href="Hafeez_Jalandhari" title="Hafeez Jalandhari">Hafeez Jalandhari</a></li>

<li><a href="Jahanara_Shahnawaz" title="Jahanara Shahnawaz">Jahanara Shahnawaz</a></li>

<li><a href="Lady_Abdullah_Haroon" title="Lady Abdullah Haroon">Lady Abdullah Haroon</a></li>

<li><a href="Muhammad_Ismail_Zabeeh" title="Muhammad Ismail Zabeeh">Muhammad Ismail Zabeeh</a></li>

<li><a href="Fatima_Begum_(politician)" title="Fatima Begum (politician)">Fatima Begum</a></li>

<li><a href="Naseer_Ahmad_Malhi" title="Naseer Ahmad Malhi">Naseer Ahmad Malhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Ahmed_Saeed_Nagi" title="Ahmed Saeed Nagi">Ahmed Saeed Nagi</a></li>

<li><a href="Amir_Habibullah_Khan_Saadi" title="Amir Habibullah Khan Saadi">Amir Habibullah Khan Saadi</a></li>

<li><a href="Habib_Rahimtoola" title="Habib Rahimtoola">Habib Rahimtoola</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharif_al_Mujahid" title="Sharif al Mujahid">Sharif al Mujahid</a></li>

<li><a href="Fatima_Sughra_Begum" title="Fatima Sughra Begum">Fatima Sughra Begum</a></li>

<li><a href="Abdul_Sattar_Khan_Niazi" title="Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi">Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi</a></li>

<li><a href="Viqar-un-Nisa_Noon" title="Viqar-un-Nisa Noon">Viqar-un-Nisa Noon</a></li>

<li><a href="Amir_Abdullah_Khan_Rokhri" title="Amir Abdullah Khan Rokhri">Amir Abdullah Khan Rokhri</a></li>

<li><a href="Abdul_Hamid_Qadri_Badayuni" title="Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni">Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni</a></li>

<li><a href="Sardar_Aurang_Zeb_Khan" title="Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan">Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan</a></li>

<li><a href="Abdullah_Ropari" title="Abdullah Ropari">Abdullah Ropari</a></li>

<li><a href="Muhammad_Ibrahim_Mir_Sialkoti" title="Muhammad Ibrahim Mir Sialkoti">Muhammad Ibrahim Mir Sialkoti</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Allahabad_Address" title="Allahabad Address">Allahabad Address (<i>Idea of Pakistan</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Jinnah%3A_India%2C_Partition%2C_Independence" title="Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence"><i>Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Notes_on_Afghanistan_and_Baluchistan" title="Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan"><i>Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistan%3A_A_Personal_History" title="Pakistan: A Personal History"><i>Pakistan: A Personal History</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto"><i>The Myth of Independence</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Anatol_Lieven" title="Anatol Lieven"><i>Pakistan: A Hard Country</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistan_Declaration" title="Pakistan Declaration">Pakistan Declaration (<i>Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan"><i>Causes of Indian Mutiny of 1857</i></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="National_symbols_of_Pakistan" title="National symbols of Pakistan">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Minar-e-Pakistan" title="Minar-e-Pakistan">Minar-e-Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Bab-e-Pakistan" title="Bab-e-Pakistan">Bab-e-Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistan_Monument" title="Pakistan Monument">Pakistan Monument</a></li>

<li><a href="Mazar-e-Quaid" title="Mazar-e-Quaid">Mazar-e-Quaid</a></li>

<li><a href="Quaid-e-Azam_Residency" title="Quaid-e-Azam Residency">Quaid-e-Azam / Ziarat Residency</a></li>

<li><a href="Tomb_of_Allama_Iqbal" title="Tomb of Allama Iqbal">Iqbal's Tomb</a></li>

<li><a href="Wazir_Mansion" title="Wazir Mansion">Wazir Mansion</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Library_of_Pakistan" title="National Library of Pakistan">National Library</a></li>

<li><a href="Khaliq_Dina_Hall" title="Khaliq Dina Hall">Khaliq Dina Hall</a></li>

<li><a href="Bab-e-Khyber" title="Bab-e-Khyber">Bab-e-Khyber</a></li>

<li><a href="Jinnah_Terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinnah Terminal">Jinnah Terminal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Public_holidays_in_Pakistan" title="Public holidays in Pakistan">In Memory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pakistan_Day" title="Pakistan Day"><i>Youm-e-Pakistan</i> <small>(<b>23 March</b>)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Constitution_Day_(Pakistan)" title="Constitution Day (Pakistan)"><i>Youm-e-Dastur</i> <small>(<b>10 April</b>)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Youm-e-Takbir" title="Youm-e-Takbir"><i>Youm-e-Takbir</i> <small>(<b>28 May</b>)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Independence_Day_(Pakistan)" title="Independence Day (Pakistan)"><i>Youm-e-Azadi</i> <small>(<b>14 August</b>)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Defence_Day" title="Defence Day"><i>Youm-e-Difah</i> <small>(<b>6 September</b>)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Azad_Kashmir_Day" title="Azad Kashmir Day"><i>Youm-e-Tasees</i> <small>(<b>24 October</b>)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Iqbal_Day" title="Iqbal Day"><i>Youm-e-Iqbal</i> <small>(<b>9 November</b>)</small></a></li>

<li><a href="Boro_Din" title="Boro Din"><i>Youm-e-Viladat</i> <small>(<b>25 December</b>)</small></a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lahore_topics275" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lahore_topics275" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="History_of_Lahore" title="History of Lahore">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Origins_of_Lahore" title="Origins of Lahore">Origins</a></li>

<li><a href="Etymology_of_Lahore" title="Etymology of Lahore">Etymology</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindu_period_in_Lahore" title="Hindu period in Lahore">Hindu rule</a></li>

<li><a href="Early_Muslim_period_in_Lahore" title="Early Muslim period in Lahore">Early Muslim period</a></li>

<li><a href="Mughal_period_in_Lahore" title="Mughal period in Lahore">Mughal rule</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Lahore#British_Raj" title="History of Lahore">British rule</a></li>

<li><a href="Lahore_Declaration" title="Lahore Declaration">Lahore Declaration</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_Lahore" title="Timeline of Lahore">Timeline</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Geography_of_Lahore" title="Geography of Lahore">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Climate_of_Lahore" title="Climate of Lahore">Climate</a></li>

<li><a href="Ravi_River" title="Ravi River">Ravi River</a></li>

<li><a href="Wildlife_of_Lahore_District" title="Wildlife of Lahore District">Wildlife</a></li>

<li><a href="Demographics_of_Lahore" title="Demographics of Lahore">Demographics</a></li>

<li>Regions and towns</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Economy_of_Lahore" title="Economy of Lahore">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lahore_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Stock Exchange">Stock market</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Lahore" title="Education in Lahore">Education</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pakistan" title="List of tallest buildings in Pakistan">Tallest buildings</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Pakistan#Lahore" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Pakistan">Sister cities</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Culture_of_Lahore" title="Culture of Lahore">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Architecture_of_Lahore" title="Architecture of Lahore">Architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Lollywood" title="Lollywood">Cinema</a></li>

<li><a href="Lahori_cuisine" title="Lahori cuisine">Cuisine</a></li>

<li><a href="Festivals_in_Lahore" title="Festivals in Lahore">Festivals</a></li>

<li><a href="Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Language</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Punjab" title="Music of Punjab">Music</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_people_from_Lahore" title="List of people from Lahore">People</a></li>

<li><a href="Religion_in_Lahore" title="Religion in Lahore">Religion</a></li>

<li><a href="Shopping_in_Lahore" title="Shopping in Lahore">Shopping</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_sports_venues_in_Lahore" title="List of sports venues in Lahore">Sports</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_places_in_Lahore" title="List of places in Lahore">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_hospitals_in_Lahore" title="List of hospitals in Lahore">Hospitals</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_educational_institutions_in_Lahore" title="List of educational institutions in Lahore">Educational institutions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_libraries_in_Lahore" title="List of libraries in Lahore">Libraries</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mosques_in_Lahore" title="List of mosques in Lahore">Mosques</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Lahore" title="List of parks and gardens in Lahore">Parks and gardens</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_sports_venues_in_Lahore" title="List of sports venues in Lahore">Sports venues</a></li>

<li><a href="Temples_in_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Temples in Lahore">Temples</a></li>

<li><a href="Gurdwaras_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurdwaras in Pakistan">Gurdwaras</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_churches_in_Pakistan#Lahore" title="List of churches in Pakistan">Churches</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Transport_in_Lahore" title="Transport in Lahore">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Allama_Iqbal_International_Airport" title="Allama Iqbal International Airport">Allama Iqbal International Airport</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lahore_Metrobus" title="Lahore Metrobus">Lahore Metrobus</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lahore_Metro" title="Lahore Metro">Lahore Metro</a></li>

<li><a href="Lahore_Junction_railway_station" title="Lahore Junction railway station">Lahore Junction Railway Station</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Category • <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Lahore" class="extiw external" title="commons:category:Lahore">Commons</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pakistan_topics455" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pakistan_topics455" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <a href="Outline_of_Pakistan" title="Outline of Pakistan">topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History455" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="South_Asian_Stone_Age" title="South Asian Stone Age">Stone age</a></li>

<li><a href="Soanian" title="Soanian">Soanian</a></li>

<li><a href="Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li>

<li><a href="Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li>

<li><a href="Indo-Iranians" title="Indo-Iranians">Indo-Iranics</a></li>

<li><a href="Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Indo-Aryan</a></li>

<li><a href="Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li>

<li><a href="Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian</a></li>

<li><a href="Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya</a></li>

<li><a href="Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek</a></li>

<li><a href="Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a></li>

<li><a href="Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">Indo-Scythians</a></li>

<li><a href="Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthian</a></li>

<li><a href="Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a></li>

<li><a href="Kushano-Sasanian_Kingdom" title="Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom">Indo-Sassanid</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hephthalites" title="Hephthalites">Indo-Hephthalite</a></li>

<li><a href="Kambojas" title="Kambojas">Kambojas</a></li>

<li><a href="Rai_dynasty" title="Rai dynasty">Rai dynasty</a></li>

<li><a href="Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Shahi</a></li>

<li><a href="Chaulukya_dynasty" title="Chaulukya dynasty">Solanki</a></li>

<li><a href="Muhammad_ibn_al-Qasim" title="Muhammad ibn al-Qasim">Muhammad ibn al-Qasim</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurid</a></li>

<li><a href="Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)">Mamluk</a></li>

<li><a href="Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khalji</a></li>

<li><a href="Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaq</a></li>

<li><a href="Sayyid_dynasty" title="Sayyid dynasty">Sayyid</a></li>

<li><a href="Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Pre-colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a></li>

<li><a href="Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">East India Company</a></li>

<li><a href="Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani</a></li>

<li><a href="Misl" class="mw-redirect" title="Misl">Sikh Confederacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a></li>

<li><a href="First_Anglo-Sikh_War" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_the_British_Raj" title="History of the British Raj">British Raj</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a></li>

<li><a href="Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a></li>

<li><a href="Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a></li>

<li><a href="Aligarh_Movement" title="Aligarh Movement">Aligarh Movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Hindi%E2%80%93Urdu_controversy" title="Hindi–Urdu controversy">Hindi–Urdu controversy</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">Pakistan Movement</a>

<ul><li><a href="All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a></li>

<li><a href="Two-nation_theory_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-nation theory (Pakistan)">Two nation theory</a></li>

<li><a href="Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Jinnah's 14 Points</a></li>

<li><a href="Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Independence</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Dominion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Monarchy of Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Governor-General</a></li>

<li><a href="Princely_states_of_Pakistan" title="Princely states of Pakistan">Princely states</a></li>

<li><a href="Liaquat%E2%80%93Nehru_Pact" title="Liaquat–Nehru Pact">Liaquat–Nehru Pact</a></li>

<li><a href="Baghdad_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Pact">Baghdad Pact</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_Pakistan_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Pakistan (1947–present)">1947–present</a></li>

<li><a href="Indus_Waters_Treaty" title="Indus Waters Treaty">Indus Treaty</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-cooperation_movement_(1971)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1971)">1971 Movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Project-706" title="Project-706">Project-706</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamization_in_Pakistan" title="Islamization in Pakistan">Islamisation</a></li>

<li>Insurgencies

<ul><li><a href="Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Balochistan insurgency</a></li>

<li><a href="Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK insurgency</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li>

<li><a href="1999_Pakistani_coup_d'%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Pakistani coup d'état">Liberalization</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography455" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_beaches_in_Pakistan" title="List of beaches in Pakistan">Beaches</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_deserts_of_Pakistan" title="List of deserts of Pakistan">Deserts</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_glaciers_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of Pakistan">Glaciers</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_islands_of_Pakistan" title="List of islands of Pakistan">Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_lakes_of_Pakistan" title="List of lakes of Pakistan">Lakes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mountain_ranges_of_Pakistan" title="List of mountain ranges of Pakistan">Mountains</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mountain_passes#Pakistan" title="List of mountain passes">Passes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_rivers_of_Pakistan" title="List of rivers of Pakistan">Rivers</a></li>

<li><a href="Topography_of_Pakistan" title="Topography of Pakistan">Topography</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_valleys_in_Pakistan" title="List of valleys in Pakistan">Valleys</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_waterfalls_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of waterfalls of Pakistan">Waterfalls</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Ramsar_wetland_sites_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ramsar wetland sites in Pakistan">Wetlands</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li>

<li><a href="Gwatar_Bay" title="Gwatar Bay">Gwatar Bay</a></li>

<li><a href="Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indus Plain</a></li>

<li><a href="Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothohar Plateau</a></li>

<li><a href="Salt_Range" title="Salt Range">Salt Range</a></li>

<li><a href="Sistan_Basin" title="Sistan Basin">Sistan Basin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Geology_of_Pakistan" title="Geology of Pakistan">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Coal fields</li>

<li>Gas fields</li>

<li><a href="List_of_minerals_of_Pakistan" title="List of minerals of Pakistan">Minerals</a></li>

<li>Oil fields</li>

<li><a href="List_of_volcanoes_in_Pakistan" title="List of volcanoes in Pakistan">Volcanoes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_floods_in_Pakistan" title="List of floods in Pakistan">Floods</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_ecoregions_in_Pakistan" title="List of ecoregions in Pakistan">Ecoregions</a></li>

<li><a href="Climate_change_in_Pakistan" title="Climate change in Pakistan">Climate change</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_issues_in_Pakistan" title="Environmental issues in Pakistan">Environmental issues</a></li>

<li><a href="Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forests</a></li>

<li><a href="Protected_areas_of_Pakistan" title="Protected areas of Pakistan">Protected areas</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_national_parks_of_Pakistan" title="List of national parks of Pakistan">national parks</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_game_reserves_of_Pakistan" title="List of game reserves of Pakistan">game reserves</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_in_Pakistan" title="List of wildlife sanctuaries in Pakistan">sanctuaries</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Wildlife_of_Pakistan" title="Wildlife of Pakistan">Wildlife</a>

<ul><li><a href="Flora_of_Pakistan" title="Flora of Pakistan">flora</a></li>

<li><a href="Fauna_of_Pakistan" title="Fauna of Pakistan">fauna</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Archaeological_sites_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological sites in Pakistan">Archaeological sites</a></li>

<li>Borders</li>

<li><a href="Climate_of_Pakistan" title="Climate of Pakistan">Climate</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_extreme_weather_records_in_Pakistan" title="List of extreme weather records in Pakistan">weather records</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Borders</li>

<li><a href="List_of_natural_disasters_in_Pakistan" title="List of natural disasters in Pakistan">Natural disasters</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_earthquakes_in_Pakistan" title="List of earthquakes in Pakistan">earthquakes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_floods#Pakistan" title="List of floods">floods</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Subdivisions</a>

<ul><li><a href="Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">provinces</a></li>

<li><a href="Districts_of_Pakistan" title="Districts of Pakistan">districts</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_cities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Pakistan">cities</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Governance455" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Governance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Security_Council_(Pakistan)" title="National Security Council (Pakistan)">National Security Council</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">National government</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cabinet_of_Pakistan" title="Cabinet of Pakistan">Cabinet</a></li>

<li><a href="Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Ministries</a></li>

<li><a href="Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_provincial_governments_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of provincial governments of Pakistan">Provincial governments</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_current_Pakistani_governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani governors">Governors</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_current_Pakistani_chief_ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani chief ministers">Chief Ministers</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Local_government_in_Pakistan" title="Local government in Pakistan">Local government</a>

<ul><li><a href="Union_councils_of_Pakistan" title="Union councils of Pakistan">Union councils</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament <span style="font-size: 85%;">(<i>Majlis-e-Shoora</i>)</span></a>

<ul><li><a href="Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate <span style="font-size: 85%;">(upper house)</span></a>

<ul><li><a href="Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan">Chairman</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly <span style="font-size: 85%;">(lower house)</span></a>

<ul><li><a href="Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan">Speaker</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li>Provincial assemblies</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Judiciary_of_Pakistan" title="Judiciary of Pakistan">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Supreme_Judicial_Council_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan">Supreme Council</a></li>

<li><a href="Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Federal_Shariat_Court" title="Federal Shariat Court">Federal Shariat Court</a></li>

<li><a href="High_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Pakistan">High Courts</a></li>

<li><a href="District_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of Pakistan">District Courts</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">Elections</a></li>

<li><a href="Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan" title="Foreign relations of Pakistan">Foreign relations</a></li>

<li><a href="Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Political parties</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_coups_in_Pakistan" title="Military coups in Pakistan">Martial law</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Law_of_Pakistan" title="Law of Pakistan">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution</a>

<li><a href="Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a>

<ul><li><a href="Enforced_disappearances_in_Pakistan" title="Enforced disappearances in Pakistan">Enforced disappearance</a></li>

<li><a href="Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Law enforcement</a>

<ul><li><a href="Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Police</a></li>

<li><a href="Counter_Terrorism_Department_(Pakistan)" title="Counter Terrorism Department (Pakistan)">Counter Terrorism Department (CTD)</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistani_Intelligence_community" title="Pakistani Intelligence community">Pakistani Intelligence community</a></li>

<li><a href="Capital_punishment_in_Pakistan" title="Capital punishment in Pakistan">Capital punishment</a></li>

<li><a href="Terrorism_in_Pakistan" title="Terrorism in Pakistan">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Military history of Pakistan">History</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Pakistan_Marines" title="Pakistan Marines">Marines</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Air force</a></li>

<li><a href="Civil_Armed_Forces" title="Civil Armed Forces">Civil Armed Forces</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy455" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Electricity_sector_in_Pakistan" title="Electricity sector in Pakistan">Electricity</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Thermal" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Thermal</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Hydroelectricity" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Hydro</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_power_in_Pakistan" title="Nuclear power in Pakistan">Nuclear</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_power_in_Pakistan" title="Solar power in Pakistan">Solar</a></li>

<li><a href="Foreign_aid_to_Pakistan" title="Foreign aid to Pakistan">Foreign aid</a></li>

<li><a href="Petroleum_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Petroleum industry in Pakistan">Fuel extraction</a></li>

<li><a href="Housing_in_Pakistan" title="Housing in Pakistan">Housing</a></li>

<li><a href="Planning_Commission_(Pakistan)" title="Planning Commission (Pakistan)">Planning Commission</a></li>

<li><a href="Poverty_in_Pakistan" title="Poverty in Pakistan">Poverty</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pakistan" title="List of tallest buildings in Pakistan">Tallest buildings</a></li>

<li><a href="Telecommunications_in_Pakistan" title="Telecommunications in Pakistan">Telecommunications</a></li>

<li><a href="Transport_in_Pakistan" title="Transport in Pakistan">Transportation</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_bridges_in_Pakistan" title="List of bridges in Pakistan">Bridges</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Water_resources_management_in_Pakistan" title="Water resources management in Pakistan">Water management</a>

<ul><li><a href="Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Pakistan" title="Water supply and sanitation in Pakistan">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Industry_of_Pakistan" title="Industry of Pakistan">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pakistan_Aeronautical_Complex" title="Pakistan Aeronautical Complex">Aerospace</a></li>

<li><a href="Agriculture_in_Pakistan" title="Agriculture in Pakistan">Agriculture</a></li>

<li><a href="Defence_industry_of_Pakistan" title="Defence industry of Pakistan">Defence</a></li>

<li><a href="Automotive_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Automotive industry in Pakistan">Automotive</a></li>

<li><a href="Fishing_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Pakistan">Fishery</a></li>

<li><a href="Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forestry</a></li>

<li><a href="Animal_husbandry_in_Pakistan" title="Animal husbandry in Pakistan">Husbandry</a></li>

<li><a href="Labour_in_Pakistan" title="Labour in Pakistan">Labour</a>

<ul><li><a href="Child_labour_in_Pakistan" title="Child labour in Pakistan">Child</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li>

<li><a href="Mining_in_Pakistan" title="Mining in Pakistan">Mining</a></li>

<li><a href="Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan">Pharmaceuticals</a></li>

<li><a href="Textile_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Textile industry in Pakistan">Textiles</a>

<li><a href="Tourism_in_Pakistan" title="Tourism in Pakistan">Tourism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Banking_in_Pakistan" title="Banking in Pakistan">Banking</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_banks_in_Pakistan" title="List of banks in Pakistan">Banks</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_companies_of_Pakistan" title="List of companies of Pakistan">Companies</a></li>

<li><a href="Board_of_Investment_(Pakistan)" title="Board of Investment (Pakistan)">Investment board</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Rupee <span style="font-size: 85%;">(currency)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Securities_%26_Exchange_Commission_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan">Securities & Exchange Commission</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_stock_exchanges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">Stock markets</a></li>

<li><a href="Trading_Corporation_of_Pakistan" title="Trading Corporation of Pakistan">Trading Corporation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policy programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Corporate_sector_of_Pakistan" title="Corporate sector of Pakistan">Corporatisation</a></li>

<li><a href="Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Directive investment</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistan#Economy" title="Pakistan">Industrialisation</a></li>

<li><a href="Fauji_Foundation" title="Fauji Foundation">Military economisation</a></li>

<li><a href="Nationalisation_in_Pakistan" title="Nationalisation in Pakistan">Nationalisation</a></li>

<li><a href="Privatisation_in_Pakistan" title="Privatisation in Pakistan">Privatisation</a></li>

<li><a href="Yousaf_Raza_Gillani" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousaf Raza Gillani">Public-private partnering</a></li>

<li><a href="Islamic_economics_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic economics in the world">Redundant Islamic economisation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society455" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Society_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Pakistan">Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aurat_March" title="Aurat March">Aurat March</a></li>

<li><a href="British_heritage_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="British heritage of Pakistan">British heritage</a></li>

<li><a href="Crime_in_Pakistan" title="Crime in Pakistan">Crime</a></li>

<li><a href="Culture_of_Pakistan" title="Culture of Pakistan">Culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Divorce_in_Pakistan" title="Divorce in Pakistan">Divorce</a></li>

<li><a href="Education_in_Pakistan" title="Education in Pakistan">Education</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lists_of_educational_institutions_in_Pakistan" title="Lists of educational institutions in Pakistan">Institutions</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Feminism_in_Pakistan" title="Feminism in Pakistan">Feminism</a></li>

<li><a href="Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Gender discrimination</a></li>

<li><a href="Healthcare_in_Pakistan" title="Healthcare in Pakistan">Healthcare</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_hospitals_in_Pakistan" title="List of hospitals in Pakistan">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Human_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Human rights in Pakistan">Human rights</a>

<li><a href="Marriage_in_Pakistan" title="Marriage in Pakistan">Marriage</a></li>

<li><a href="Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Naming</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a> (<a href="List_of_Pakistanis" title="List of Pakistanis">list</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Prostitution_in_Pakistan" title="Prostitution in Pakistan">Prostitution</a></li>

<li><a href="Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Religion</a></li>

<li><a href="Urbanisation_in_Pakistan" title="Urbanisation in Pakistan">Urbanisation</a></li>

<li><a href="Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Women</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Demographics_of_Pakistan" title="Demographics of Pakistan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Overseas_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Pakistani">Diaspora</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethnic_groups_in_Pakistan" title="Ethnic groups in Pakistan">Ethnicity</a></li>

<li><a href="Immigration_to_Pakistan" title="Immigration to Pakistan">Immigration</a></li>

<li><a href="Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Languages of Pakistan">Languages</a>

<li><a href="Youth_in_Pakistan" title="Youth in Pakistan">Youth</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pakistani_architecture" title="Pakistani architecture">Architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Cinema</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lists_of_Pakistani_films" title="Lists of Pakistani films">Films</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Dance</li>

<li><a href="List_of_festivals_in_Pakistan" title="List of festivals in Pakistan">Festivals</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistani_folklore" title="Pakistani folklore">Folklore</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistani_literature" title="Pakistani literature">Literature</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Mushaira" title="Mushaira">Mushaira</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_of_Pakistan" title="Music of Pakistan">Music</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistani_philosophy" title="Pakistani philosophy">Philosophy</a></li>

<li><a href="Textiles_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles of Pakistan">Textiles</a></li>

<li><a href="Theatre_of_Pakistan" title="Theatre of Pakistan">Theatre</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lifestyle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pakistani_clothing" title="Pakistani clothing">Clothing</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Shalwar_kameez" title="Shalwar kameez">Shalwar kameez</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Mehndi" title="Mehndi">Mehndi</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Cuisine</a></li>

<li><a href="Etiquette_in_Pakistan" title="Etiquette in Pakistan">Etiquette</a></li>

<li><a href="Gun_law_in_Pakistan" title="Gun law in Pakistan">Gun culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Nationalism</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Pakistani_flags" title="List of Pakistani flags">Flags</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_holidays_in_Pakistan" title="Public holidays in Pakistan">Public holidays</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_songs_about_Pakistan" title="List of songs about Pakistan">Songs</a></li>

<li><a href="National_symbols_of_Pakistan" title="National symbols of Pakistan">Symbols</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sport_in_Pakistan" title="Sport in Pakistan">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Athletics</li>

<li>Baseball</li>

<li>Boxing</li>

<li><a href="Cricket_in_Pakistan" title="Cricket in Pakistan">Cricket</a></li>

<li>Cycling</li>

<li><a href="Pakistan_Hockey_Federation" title="Pakistan Hockey Federation">Field hockey</a></li>

<li><a href="Football_in_Pakistan" title="Football in Pakistan">Football</a></li>

<li><a href="Gillidanda" title="Gillidanda">Gillidanda</a></li>

<li><a href="Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li>

<li>Motorsport</li>

<li><a href="Lahore_Marathon" title="Lahore Marathon">Marathon (Lahore)</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistan_at_the_Olympics" title="Pakistan at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li>

<li><a href="Pakistan_at_the_Paralympics" title="Pakistan at the Paralympics">Paralympics</a></li>

<li>Rugby</li>

<li><a href="Squash_in_Pakistan" title="Squash in Pakistan">Squash</a></li>

<li>Swimming</li>

<li>Tennis</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_cemeteries_in_Pakistan" title="List of cemeteries in Pakistan">Cemeteries</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_churches_in_Pakistan" title="List of churches in Pakistan">Churches</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_forts_in_Pakistan" title="List of forts in Pakistan">Forts</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Gurdwaras" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gurdwaras">Gurdwaras</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Pakistan" title="List of Hindu temples in Pakistan">Hindu temples</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_libraries_in_Pakistan" title="List of libraries in Pakistan">Libraries</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mausolea_and_shrines_in_Pakistan" title="List of mausolea and shrines in Pakistan">Mausolea and shrines</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mosques_in_Pakistan" title="List of mosques in Pakistan">Mosques</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_museums_in_Pakistan" title="List of museums in Pakistan">Museums</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of parks and gardens in Pakistan">Parks</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_stadiums" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stadiums">Stadiums</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_Pakistan" title="Outline of Pakistan">Basic topics</a></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Portal%3APakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Portal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-04" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Lahore_Resolution&oldid=1304231994">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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